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The question: "When an insurance company needs to provide a payout, the money is removed from?” follows the answer:

In order for the insurance company to provide the payout, the money is removed from the consumer’s income. The money may also be removed from the pool of funds of the insurance company.
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When an insurance company needs to provide a payout, the money is removed from a pool of funds.

Insurance companies create this pool of funds to handle risk. The pool of funds is a multiple-member, risk-sharing arrangement where government organizations pool their funds together to finance an exposure, liability, risk or some combination of the three.