In regions that have been damaged by lava flows or scorched by fires, lichens are crucial pioneers because in the early stages of soil formation, they are crucial.
Lichens:
- Any of the many complex creatures that resemble plants and are formed up of a cyanobacterium or an alga and a fungus that are growing together symbiotically on a solid surface (such as on a rock or the bark of trees).
- A symbiotic combination of fungi and cyanobacteria or algae forms lichens. For the cyanobacteria or algae, the fungi provide a wet, protected environment, and in return, they get food from the algae or cyanobacteria. As early stage primary succession organisms, lichens are significant.
- Lichens can be found growing in practically every region of the earth's surface, including the polar regions devoid of ice, the tropics, tropical rainforests, and desert regions devoid of moving sand dunes. Despite being primarily terrestrial, there are several known aquatic lichens.
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