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The Haworth projection is used to represent D-glucose, which has a chair conformation.
Haworth projections: what are they?
In contrast to a Fischer projection, a Haworth projection depicts the carbohydrate in its cyclical form. This is especially helpful for sugars with rings in their molecules. It was created by the English chemist Sir Norman Haworth, who built on Fischer's work by describing a large number of other carbohydrates. Following World War 1, he invented the illustration technique and was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his studies on carbohydrates and vitamin C.
The thicker bonds between carbon atoms represent those that are closest to the viewer in a Haworth projection, which is now the norm in organic chemistry for stereochemical carbohydrate illustrations, and the hydrogen/hydroxyl bonds that are below the plane of the carbon atoms represent those that are on the right in a Fischer projection. The groups on the two ring carbons joined to the endocyclic oxygen atom, however, are exempt from this requirement.
Which of the Fischer and Haworth projections is the most accurate?
There are two common methods for displaying the stereochemistry of a carbohydrate: Fischer projections and Haworth projections. The Fischer projection is still useful in organic chemistry, even if the Haworth projection is more widely employed nowadays and a chair conformation can aid to show the atoms' position in space .Each chemist must decide which of the two norms to follow.
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The chair-conformed D-glucose is represented by the Haworth projection.
What are Haworth projections?
- A Haworth projection, shows the carbohydrate in its cyclical form. This is especially useful for sugars whose molecules contain rings. It was developed by English chemist Sir Norman Haworth, who expanded on Fischer's work by describing a significant number of other carbohydrates.
- In a Haworth projection, which is now the standard in organic chemistry for stereochemical carbohydrate illustrations, the thicker bonds between carbon atoms represent those that are closest to the viewer, and the hydrogen/hydroxyl bonds that are below the plane of the carbon atoms represent those that are on the right in a Fischer projection.
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