The IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine pathways play integral roles in stimulating IgE inflammation, with the IL-4 cytokine being a major cytokine in the etiology of thunderstorm asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis.
IL-4 is a multifunctional cytokine with B-cell stimulatory and Th2-promoting properties.
IL-4 can rescue B-cells from apoptosis, enhancing their survival,60 and is responsible for immunoglobulin isotype switching to IgG1 and IgE.
A T-cell suppressor role for this cytokine has also been suggested.
IL-4 plays a pivotal role in shaping the nature of immune responses. Upon activation, naive peripheral CD4+ T cells begin to synthesize and secrete cytokines.
These cytokines serve as autocrine growth and differentiation factors and, as a consequence, naive T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells.
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