The most likely reason why Senator McCarthy issued some statements without proof was because he knew Americans were so scared of Communism that they wouldn't ask for any.
During the Red Scare after the second World War, Americans were quite scared of Communists having infiltrated the United States.
Senator McCarthy capitalized on this fear by accusing many people in top government positions of being communists without providing proof. His aim was to acquire more power for himself at the expense of the fear that Americans had.
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