The two numbers whose sum is 7500 and whose product is a maximum value are 3750 and 3750.
Let the two numbers be x and y.
Since their sum equals 7500,
x + y = 7500 (1)
Their product f(x,y) = xy (2)
We desire to maximize the product.
From (1), x = 7500 - y
Substituting x into (2), we have
f(x,y) = xy
f(x,y) = (7500 - y)y
f(y) = 7500y - y²
To maximize the product, we find the value of y that maximizes f(y), we differentiate f(y) and equate it to zero.
So, df(y)/dy = d(7500y - y²)/dy
f'(y)/dy = d(7500y)/dy - dy²/dy
f'(y)/dy = 7500 - 2y
Equating it to zero, we have
7500 - 2y = 0
7500 = 2y
y = 7500/2
y = 3750
To determine if this gives a maximum for f(y), we differentiate f'(y) with respect to y.
So, f"(y) = d(7500 - 2y)dy
f"(y) = 0 - 2
f"(y) = -2 < 0.
So, y = 3750 gives a maximum for f(y) = f(x, y)
Since x = 7500 - y
Substituing y = 3750 into the equation, we have
x = 7500 - 3750
x = 3750
So, the two numbers whose sum is 7500 and whose product is a maximum product are 3750 and 3750.
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