With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty...

Which best expresses this excerpt’s rhetorical appeal?

pathos, an appeal based on emotion

logos, an appeal based on logic or reason

ethos, an appeal based on the character and credibility of the speaker

purpose, an appeal based on function and scope