The process that usually results in offspring that exhibit new genetic variations is known as fertilization. Thus, the correct option is 1.
What is Genetic variation?
Genetic variation may be defined as the occurrence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species. The most prominent causes of genetic variation are mutations, sexual reproduction, gene flow, genetic drift, etc.
The first option describes the process of successful fertilization between male and female gametes. Thus, this sexual reproduction is the most characteristic process of inducing genetic variations among individuals of the same species.
The option third illustrates the process of budding in hydra, and the option reveals the process of binary fission in amoeba. Both are types of asexual reproduction in which the offspring is produced by a single parent only. And hence, they produce identical types of offspring without much genetic variations.
Therefore, the process that usually results in offspring that exhibit new genetic variations is known as fertilization. Thus, the correct option is 1.
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