ok to solve for this you have to convert the percentages into fractions. So, 10 % will be .1 and 30% will be .3.
for part a, since it is an increase you add 10% of the initial cost to find out the total cost. so 499+49.9 is $548.90
and for part b, you subtract 30% of the initial cost to find out the total cost. so 499-149.7 = $349.30
I hope this helps !